The script of the Crucible Essay Example

The script of the Crucible Paper In The Crucible there are many highly dramatic scenes where Miller creates a great deal of tension and emotion in the audience. Imagine you are directing a production of The Crucible. Describe how you would stage these scenes and how you would build up tension and emotion in your audience. The Crucible, by Arthur Miller, was written in America in the 1950s. It depicts an eye-opening analogy between the Salem witch-hunt in 1692 and the McCarthy communist trials in 1950s America. In fact, Miller used some of the exact recorded speech from the McCarthy trials in the script of The Crucible. While watching The Crucible the audience should remember that the people of Salem were devotedly puritan, and so anything that contradicted the commandments, or any part of the Bible would be heavily frowned upon. And so, within the context of the play, could be turned in to signs of witchcraft by people manipulating the truth. At the end of Act III Elizabeth denies that Proctor has had an affair after Proctor has admitted to it. If she tells the truth it would have cast strong doubts across Abigails accusations. Afterwards Hale- perhaps too late- tells the court he believes Proctor. Abigail, showing her ruthless resourcefulness again, pretends Mary is sending her spirit on her. Danforth believes her. Mary, due to the pressure from Danforth, the threat of death, and the girls hysteria accuses Proctor of witchcraft and returns to Abigail. Proctor and Giles are arrested at the end of the act. When Elizabeth is called in to the court I think she should be led in from the back of the auditorium, which will build up suspense and tension in the audience. We will write a custom essay sample on The script of the Crucible specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The script of the Crucible specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The script of the Crucible specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer I would group the girls on stage left, with Abigail slightly nearer the centre and facing back. The girls should stare wide-eyed at Elizabeth. Proctor should stand the mirrored position of Abigail, again facing back. Hale should be close to him, but further right, looking nervously, but slightly expectantly, at Elizabeth. This should show the audience how the pressure has all been shifted to Elizabeth. Danforth should stand down centre facing out, and when Elizabeth reaches the stage she should stand close in front of him facing towards him. This should create a dramatic triangle between Elizabeth, Proctor, and Abigail. This should symbolise Elizabeths dilemma. Whether to denounce Abigail and keep to her Christian convictions, or to save Johns name from shame. Elizabeth is called in to confirm Proctors claim that he and Abigail had an Affair. Proctor is certain she will tell the truth, as she never lies. He says that in her life she have never lied. This should create suspense in the audience, as they can sense Elizabeths dilemma, but know what John expects her to do. This is one of the points in the scene where one of the characters could have changed to outcome of the play. When Elizabeth denies her husband is a lecher replying timidly to Danforths ferocity No, sir I would have the whole court freeze except Elizabeth and a spotlight on her when she says the line No, sir, then instantly the lights should come back up, and the action continue. This should again build up huge tension in the audience in the wait for Elizabeths decision. When it comes the will be very taken aback, but will not be given time to recover as the action will continue quickly. The speed of Danforths reaction seems to suggest that this was the answer he wanted, as it is quick and dismissive of the appeals. This is shown as he immediately orders the Marshal to Remove her. This I think is because if she had not denied the affair it would have also left serious questions about Danforths skills of judgement. Hale then tells the court that he believe s Proctor and tells the court he has always struck me true. I think the audience would be thinking this has come too late. To emphasise this Danforth should ignore him, walking back to his bench, not even turning to say, she spoke nothing of lechery, and this man has lied. During this I would make Proctor place his head in his hands, and the girls passing very discreet smirks between one another. When Hale says [pointing at Abigail] This girl has always struck me false. She has- and Abigail cuts him off. Here we again see how Abigail uses her position of power in the court. She suddenly cuts in about the yellow bird saying You will not! Begone! Begone, I say! this suddenly draws attention away from the people who are doubting her.

David by Michelangelo Essays

David by Michelangelo Essays David by Michelangelo Paper David by Michelangelo Paper Name: Tutor: Course: Date: David by Michelangelo David is a Renaissance sculpture that was formed between 1502 and 1504, by the Italian sculptor, Michelangelo. The sculpture is a 17-foot marble bust that displays a naked standing male. The character used in the sculpture represents the biblical King David, a special subject in Florentine art. The sculpture was initially commissioned as one of a set of masterpieces of prophets to be situated alongside the roofline of the Florence Cathedral. However, the statue was alternatively placed in the Palazzo della Signoria public square, in Florence City where it was made public in 1504. Because of the personality of the individual it represented, it soon came to denote the defense of social liberties embodied in Florence, a self-governing city-state endangered from all directions by powerful adversary states. The original statue was relocated to the Accademia Gallery in Florence and replaced with a replica at the same location. Historical background Before Michelangelo became involved in the development of the statue, the management at the Florence Cathedral had planned to erect twelve massive Old Testament effigies that would also act as the buttresses for the building. In fact, work had already started on these sculptures led by Donatello (Joshua and David sculpture) and Agostino’s unfinished David sculpture. However, just before the project was complete, the cathedral management ran into the challenge of how to hoist the sculpture onto the roof. Finally, they appointed a team of several artists to deliberate on the most appropriate location for the statue. Interpretation of the sculpture Michelangelo’s David was slightly different from earlier representations of the theme in that the biblical character was not portrayed as the killer of the giant Goliath. Typically, David was always represented as holding Goliath’s head, and, in fact, Verrocchio and Donatello sculpted their own works with this traditional inclusion. Most academics believe that the masterpiece showed David when he was preparing for a battle with Goliath. Instead of showing signs of victory over an enemy mightier than he was, David’s face displayed a lot of tension and preparedness for combat. The muscles in his neck stood out stiffly; his facial especially his upper lip was taut; his forehead was wrinkled, and his eyes appeared to concentrate attentively on a far away object. While veins were protruding from his lowered hand, his body was in a tranquil pose, and he was armed with his sling that was lying offhandedly over his shoulder. The calm pose itself was dissimilar from any other earlier representations of David; Both Verrocchio and Donatello had created sculptures of David standing triumphant over Goliath’s head while Andrea del Castagno had portrayed the character while he was swinging his weapon and Goliath’s head down at his feet. However, the entire range of masterpieces done by earlier Florentine artist had not failed to include the Philistine giant overall. The difference between his powerful appearance and his peaceful pose, possibly suggested that David’s sculpture represented his demeanor after he decided to wrestle Goliath, but before the real encounter. The large part of his body mass was stressed on his back leg in a manner consistent with the Renaissance tradition of portraying its subjects in retreated, composed positions, just before they sprung into action. Michelangelo’s representation was that of the period between mindful choice and conscious battle. Michelangelo’s David was a Renaissance understanding of a general historical Greek theme of the upright valiant male nude. In the High Renaissance, contrapposto styles were regarded as a characteristic feature of historic sculpture. In David, the form stands with one leg supporting its complete weight and the other leg loosened up. This traditional pose makes the statue’s shoulders and hips to sit at conflicting angles, creating a small s-curve to the complete upper body. Additionally, the head was twisted to the left, whereas the left arm was lifted towards his left shoulder and his sling that was thrown on his back. Michelangelo’s David became one of the most celebrated sculptures of Renaissance sculpture, becoming a representation of both might and youthful human attractiveness. The gigantic mass of the sculpture was the most extraordinary feature of Michelangelo’s statue compared to that of his rivals. One of the artists, Vasari described the sculpture as a marvel created by Michelangelo that had the ability to bring to life the past memories of the dead. He concluded by mentioning all the other marvelous creations that were done by Michelangelo over the Renaissance period. The sizes of David and other sculptures were an atypical feature of Michelangelo’s efforts; the effigy had an abnormally large head and limbs especially the right hand. These exaggerations may be because the effigy would have been initially displayed on the cathedral rooftop, where the significant parts of the statue would unavoidably be emphasized in order to be noticeable from below. The statue was also abnormally slim when compared to its height. While most artist would have attributed this difference to individual taste, it was probably Michelangelo’s oversight that could not be rectified. It is probable that David was envisaged as a political effigy before Michelangelo started to sculpt it. Definitely, David had long been perceived as a political character in Florentine culture, and pictures of the Biblical personality were already influencing political actions there. Donatello’s David made of pure bronze as a distinct feature in the Medici family quarters. Later on, it still assumed a political role at the Palazzo della Signoria courtyard, where it represented the Republican government. Analysts have even pointed out that David’s undamaged penis that went against Judaic practice was in line with the traditions of Renaissance art. Conclusion Michelangelo’s David arrived from the Piazza della Signoria in 1873 due to the threat of natural erosion that would erode the sculpture as well as intentional damage. There were undocumented reports of vandalism in 1991 hen a man defaced the statue. After this incident, the statue was considered for renovation several times. A replica of the sculpture was however, made and placed in the exact position, in Piazza della Signoria. In spite of the awareness of the statue’s illustration, the utter magnitude of the marble effigy always surprised all the contemporaries and even the present day viewers. The present connection between Florence City and David is highly political. Since the Renaissance period, Florence perceived the David statue as a symbol of the city. David’s power, bravery and youthful assurance were the picture that Florence needed to project. In the 14th century, Florence regained its position as a republic. David signified the city’s sovereignt y from unknown authority, both the aristocracy and colonialists. Like Florence, David illustrated a calm power that was often overlooked by many. The strategic position outside the state offices also made it seem like he was a guard that reminded the citizens to defend bravely and lead fairly.

International Trade Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

International Trade - Essay Example Electrolux is an established brand of the Company, and a mature product in its portfolio. It has gained critical acclaim for meeting most of the customers’ functional needs. Electrolux Tumble Dryer is a product of an American firm and it is sought to be marketed in India through Electrolux label as its product. The game plan is to capture the Indian market for this line of products through a well conceived Disruptive Marketing Strategy. A comparative study of all existing players in the field and observation of emerging trends with potential to impact the market in the coming few years forms the bedrock of this strategy. Thus this Document will be a crucial turning point in the Business History of the Company. The Document examines the position of Electrolux Brand in the context of the Indian Market. It also looks at the Tumble dryer for its strengths and weaknesses and their potential impact on the Indian customer preference. A study of the Market Plan reveals that the merits possessed by Electrolux Tumbler Dryers closely match the needs of a large number of Target markets. The Plan sets targets for Electrolux to penetrate the Indian Market and the ways to do so. This Document identifies some of the major points essential for making an objective analysis of the Indian Market scene with regard to the introduction of this American product. 1.1 Potential Market Size There is an assumption that the developed market of India, with its existing structural setting will control the market position for Tumble dryers. The market is composed of Manufactures from abroad producing in India, Importers, Whole sale traders and retailers. Many of the Foreign Manufacturers are also their own importers. The Wholesale traders generally have composite inventory consisting of several competing products or other allied goods of the same manufacturers. Retail trade also works on the same lines, (Koch, 2001). Some Retailers have significant presence in the retail market. Tumble Dryers are not seen sold in dependent retail shops in India because this product is not yet popular in the society. But survey shows they are willing to prepare and be ready for special orders. Independent shop owners account for about 80% of the Indian Retail Market and the remaining 20% is shared by several different channels. A review of the market in India shows that no proper distribution network is present for Tumble dryers. The potential customers are not even well informed of the existence of the product and its unique advantages. Available purchase points also do not seem to be educating the potential buyers about the product, (Huang, & Sternquist, 2007). Retail Stores in India are very few in number and the Managers do not have any effective stay in the choice of products that make up their stock in trade. International; products are not marketed in this kind of set up. They are sold through Retail Chains where centralized decision making ensures that the shops are invari ably supplied the product in adequate quantity, depending on sales. Therefore introduction of Electrolux Tumbler Dryer to the Indian market may appear to be starting with a disadvantage. Another problem is that the product requires its own, dedicated Gas supply channel.

Review an article Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Review an article - Assignment Example 1.3 Aim/ Objectives The article has two objectives: a) to show ‘the economic links between UK and the rest of EU’ (Oxford Economics 2009, p.10). Identifying these ties could help to understand the criteria under which the economic integration in EU could be effectively supported (Oxford Economics 2009, p.6); b) ‘to quantify these ties’ (Oxford Economics 2009, p.10). 1.4 Theory Discussed in Literature The main body of the article has been divided into eight parts. In the first of these parts, the key aspects and the potential benefits of EU membership and economic integration are presented. The rest six sections refer to six economic links between UK and EU. It is only in the first section of the study’s main body, i.e. in the part presenting the elements and benefits of EU membership and economic integration where relevant theory is used. Still, in the above section no reference is made to literature, on which the theory presented is based. From this point of view, the actual value of the theory incorporated in this section could be considered as limited, in regard to its contribution in the study. All other sections are based on statistics and relevant data for showing the aspects of the relationship between UK and EU in terms of economics. This strategy of the authors can be considered as rather justified if taking into consideration the nature of the study, which is an economic report. It should be noted that in each section a description of the key aspects of the theme discussed is provided; then, the theme is analyzed using appropriate statistics and figure, as explained in section 1.5 below. In regard to the article’s introductory section, the following issue should be highlighted: the specific section does not include theory, a practice often used in scholarly articles; it just refers to the historical development of EU, aiming to show the steps through which EU has reached its current size. 1.5 Methodology The eco nomic links between UK and EU have been categorized using the following parameters: ‘trade, labour force, tourism, FDI, portfolio investments and banking linkages’ (Oxford Economics 2009, p.6). At the next level, the article has been divided into eight sections, based on the following strategy: after presenting the article’s key issues and findings, in the Executive Summary part of the paper (p.6-9), the Introduction is used for explaining clearly the article’s objectives, for showing the article’s structure and for presenting a brief overview of EU’s history (p.10-11). Then, the main body of the paper is divided into seven sections, each of which shows the figures and statistics related to a particular economic link between UK and EU, as these links were presented above. The first of these sections refers to EU membership and economic integration, as part of EU membership. In this section, theory is used for supporting empirical evidence, in opposition with the other chapters that are based only on statistics and figures; the limitations of the theory used in this section have been analyzed in section 1.4. The rest six sections of the study have been structured as follows: in the beginning of each section an overview of the section’s key findings, something like a conclusion of the

Challenges to Pradhan Manti Jan Dhan Yojana

Challenges to Pradhan Manti Jan Dhan Yojana A Study of Challenges and Problems Faced While Implementing  Pradhan Manti Jan Dhan Yojana Shilpi Pal Dr. M.S.Khan Research Scholar Head/Coordinator (MBA M.Phil Programme), Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Lucknow Abstract The biggest development by the NDA government in the year 2014 is introducing first social welfare scheme that is â€Å"Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana†. The purpose of introducing this scheme is financial inclusion launched by our Prime Minister Mr. Narendra Modi on 28th August, 2014. Mr. Modi has come up with this scheme on his first Independence Day speech on 15th August, 2014 which is a National mission for a financial inclusion. This scheme is based on â€Å"Sab ka sath sab ka vikas† that is inclusive growth. The basic aim of this scheme is that every family living in India must have bank accounts and must enroll in bank with Zero balance account. This is the first step to bring out economic quality in country. This paper highlights the problem and challenges faced while implementing the scheme. Also try to point out basic reason not to turn all people for adopting this scheme although it is Zero Balance account scheme which will be opened in all nationalized and pr ivate bank. Keywords- Financial Inclusion, National Mission, Inclusive Growth, Economic Quality Introduction Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY) is National Mission for Financial Inclusion to ensure access to financial services, like Saving and Deposit Accounts,Remittance, Credit, Insurance, Pension in an affordable manner. Mr. Narendra Modi our prime minister has announced this scheme on his first independence speech on 15th Augst, 2014. The Objective of PMJDY is financial inclusion and intensive growth along with the improvement of economic status of our country. The aim behind PMJDY is that every family or household have their own account and can access banking facility easily so that everyone become evenly a part of country specially a lower section of society who may easily not able to get these facilities prior to PMJDY. The name Jan Dhan was chosen through an online competition on the MyGov Platform.Slogan of this scheme is â€Å"Mera Khata – Bhagya Vidhata.† PMJDY Account can be opened at Business Correspondent (Bank Mitr) outlet or at Bank branches.PMJDY gives the facility of Overdraft that is up to Rs.5000/- is available in only one account per household after 6 months of satisfactory carry out of accounts. On the first day itself 1.5 crore accounts were opened under this scheme. Then around 12.58 crore accounts were opened by 28th January, 2015. Joint account can also be opened under this scheme. The scheme has been started with a target to provide universal access to banking facilities starting with Basic Banking Accounts with overdraft facility of Rs.5000 after six months andRuPayDebit card with inbuilt accident insurance cover of Rs. 1 lakh and RuPay Kisan Card. Literature Review Dr.Anupama Sharma and Ms. Susmita Kukreja has discussed in their paper that â€Å"The study focuses on the role of financial inclusion, in strengthening the India’s position in relation to other countries economy. For analyzing such facts data for the study has been gathered through secondary sources including report of RBI, NABARD, books on financial inclusion and other articles written by eminent authors. Dr.G.H. Barhate and Ms. V.R.Jagtap has include includes study of various financial inclusion and to evaluate progress and current status of financial inclusion of the State in their research paper C. Paramasivan and V. Ganeshkumar discussed in his ppaper that Financial inclusion is aimed at providing banking and financial services to all people in a fair, transparent and equitable manner at affordable cost. This paper is an attempt to discuss the overview of financial inclusion in India. Objectives of the Study The basic objectives of my study are: To Know the reason behind introducing Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana(PMJDY) To recognize awareness among people for this financial inclusion. To understand the problems and challenges faced in implementing PMJDY. To find out effect on banking sector after adopting this financial inclusion. Research Methodology My study is purely based on secondary data which include, Existing Articles, Newspapers, websites, online articles and Research Paper published in different journals. Through these secondary data and information available I have done my research on green advertising so deeply to meet up with the objective of the study. Result and Discussions It is good initiation for the purpose of financial inclusion and economic growth. Many have found positive aspect behind the Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana specially the lower segment of country who feels more comfortable now as they easily take step in banking sector and have their own accounts with special facilities like Overdraft facility, RuPay card, Kisan card facility etc. Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pradhan_Mantri_Jan_Dhan_Yojana Challenges and Problems faced by PMJDY Implementation- The Connectivity Challenge – As we know around 68% of population lives in rural areas which need to be connected through complete banking system to avail this facility which is huge business potential for the banking sector .But it throws up connectivity-related challenges that need to be addressed in rural areas. Lack of physical and digital connectivity is posing a major hurdle in achieving financial inclusion for rural India. Technological Issue- The technological issues affecting banks from poor connectivity, networking and bandwidth problems to managing costs of maintain infrastructure especially in rural areas. To meet the increasing demands for banking services, banks often depend on passive optical network connectivity, for which they end up paying high costs to internet service providers. Infrastructure of banks in rural areas- It is about the connectivity in banking system. The connections in rural areas are not reliable and fall shorts on bandwidth. An alternative option must be adopted to connect in rural areas branches through satellite links. Banking through WAN or internet link of lower bandwidth at remote locations repeatedly suffers with video delays, slow browsing, slow file transfer, slow upload and download of files, failing to meet the demands of account holders at particular time. Are really people who don’t have account will turn around – This is the one of the major problem as most of the people are aware of it but still they are not turning into bank account user may be because they are not still understand the proper channel of opening bank account under Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojna. Gender Gap- There is major gender gap in banking sector; by 2012 for every 1,000 deposit accounts in the name of men, just 394 were opened in the name of women. Chhattisgarh, West Bengal, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra and Gujarat were even worse than the national banking sex ratio, while Delhi and the four southern States were better. ATM Network-People may face problem due to ATM in rural areas as there is low network of ATM so people are not well know how to use ATM. New account opening Creating new account is not challenge but transaction of this account is a challenge. As staff which is already there may find pressure if there is lot of people come with the problem at a time. Procedure not clear Most of the people are aware but still so many are not turned around as they are not understanding the proper procedure of opening account and required document at a time. Coverage of Difficult areas Many areas like parts of North East, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Jammu Kashmir etc. are facing challenges of infrastructure and telecom connectivity . In these areas all household may not be fully covered under campaign Brand Awareness and sensitization- Customer must get proper awareness about the PMJDY and their benefit after opening account. All thing must clear to customer and made aware that overdraft of up to ` 5,000/- to be provided in their account is a credit facility which needs to be repaid in order to get fresh limits and is not a grant. Findings During research I found the major challenges and problem faced while Implementation of Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana which is discussed above under the heading of challenges and problems. Still there are few points which need to be taken into consideration- It is not clear that those customers who have existing saving accounts without RuPay card will get other benefit or not. No clarity on that which has already accounts before announcement of accidental insurance coverage will get this benefit of 1 lakh accidental insurance coverage. Customers are not able to follow proper channel of opening account as they are not much aware about the procedure and benefits to the account holder. No awareness to the customers who will be going to wear bill of insurance premium and cost to keep account running. Banking staff may feel pressure as so many accounts are opening under this scheme. Suggestions There are lots of activities are going around so that everyone get aware about it and must open account under this who don’t have account in the bank and for those who may face problem in opening bank account prior to PMJDY. Awareness program is going through proper channel like Print Media, T.V, Radio, Banner and poster almost outside every bank etc. The result has been seen positive and almost everyone has opened account. But bank in rural areas are facing few problem like low connectivity, Less ATM machines etc. For this reason there are few suggestions which need to implement for the better banking service in the remote locations and they are- Bank must switch to WAN Optimization- Banks need to switch to WAN Optimization Controllers that support tunneling protocol/storage protocol capable of accelerating remote application delivery, thereby speeding up the delivery of banking services. WAN optimization controllers speed up data transfers and reduce application response time over wide area networks by reducing the amount of traffic transmitted between remote offices and between remote locations. This helps banks increase application response time significantly. Facilitate more ATM in remote locations- As in rural areas we see few ATM due to which everyone may not access ATM so much and they don’t know how to use. So, if everyone has account under PMJDY means they carry RuPay card and debit card for that purpose they need to access ATM machines. Awareness Campaign in Rural Areas- There should be proper awareness programs in remote locations about the PMJDY so that everyone must aware about the benefit and need of opening account and they must open account to run with economy. Bankers must give proper information about documentation and other facilities- People must aware about the document needed while opening account and if document is not there then other alternative way for opening account and other benefits related to the account opening like overdraft facility, accidental insurance etc. must be told to the person. As many people think if they don’t have single document they are not able to open the account but under PMJDY there is alternative solution to this problem but people are not aware about this. So banker must take interest and tell detail about it. Conclusion For the financial inclusion and economic growth this turn to be one of the best initiatives under which everyone can enjoy the banking facility as well as economic parity among everyone. It has turned into positive response where public sector players has opened 11.5 crore accounts under PMJDY covering 99.74 households and paving the way for transfer of over Rs 65,000 crore of subsidies and other transfers directly into these accounts. Almost every Indian is now into banking system expects inaccessible households of remote location. After one of the survey it come out thet out of 21.05 crore households, 20.99 crore have access to bank facility. As new technology introduced by National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI), a person can transfer funds, check balance through a normal phone which was earlier limited only to smart phones so far. Mobile banking for the poor would be available through National Unified USSD Platform (NUUP) for which all banks and mobile companies have come t ogether. For better acceleration in rural areas of banking sector these steps are taken by which an account holder feels comfortable in running account very well. References Sharma Anupam and Kukereja Sushmita (2013) .An Analytical study: Relevence of Financial Inclusion for developing nations. International Journal of Engeneering And Science, PP15-20 Paramasivan C. and Ganeshkumar V. (2013).Overview of Financial Inclusion in India. International Journals of Management and Development Studies 2(3) PP45-49 Barhate G.H. and Jagtap V.R. (2014).Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana: National Mission on Financial Inclusion. Indian Journal Of Applied Research 4(12) PP340-342 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pradhan_Mantri_Jan_Dhan_Yojana http://www.businessworld.in/news/economy/pm%E2%80%99s-jan-dhan-yojana-the-connectivity-challenge/1646746/page-1.html http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/Jan-Dhan-covers-99-7-households/articleshow/45960195.cms http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/pradhan-mantri-jan-dhan-yojana-faces-access-deficit/article6363310.ece

Labour market research

Within the health, sector nurses constitute the largest proportion and it is important to appreciate the work that nurses do. They care for patients in private clinics, hospitals and at homes. Besides the bedside care they provide to patients nurses educate the public on disease prevention, health issues, home based care, and even give mental and emotional support for terminally ill patients. These services provided may seem simplistic but in their absence, the effects are devastatingly profound. In this paper I choose to research on the nursing labor market in Texas and seek to determine how nursing wages are calculated, factors that influence the supply and demand of nurse’s position, how a nurses pay is determined and possibly recommended some actions that could increase the supply of nurses in Texas.According to the Texas centered for nursing work force studies (TCNWS) the number of registered nurses in Texas stands at about 146,000-plus who work on either part time or ful l time basis in health care settings.   This constitutes the largest proportion of the work force in the state.   Of the 146,000 registered nurses, 66% are employed in inpatient and outpatient hospitals.   The remaining 34% are either self-employed or work in home based care, nursing schools, military institutions or school institutionsAlthough RN profession is the largest in Texas there has been concerns raised over the unprecedented shortage of nurses and it seems the gap between supply and demand will continue to rise. Stabilizing strategies should be implemented to bridge this gap.Factors determining supply and demand of nurse’s positionAn increase in the number of aging population has increased the demand of health care facilities and per person nursing services.   Between 1990 and 2005, the number of people aged 65 years increased from 23% to 30.5 percent; this is according to a TCNW report. (2006)Secondly is an increase in the population in Texas owing to incre ased births and immigrants, aliens and migrants from other states.   In the 1990s, the population was 17 million people. Today it stands at approximately 23.5 million and it is projected that by 2015 the population should stand or teach 28 million.   Consequently, demand for nursing services has increased.Thirdly, retired and aging nurses.   In the past, the number of people who chose nursing profession as a career was few. Today most people choose to join lucrative professions such as law and doctors.   As such, there occurred a shortage in nurses.   The current nurses are aged and demand for replacements is high as they look to retirement. .   So, how does a shortage in nurses occur? Few nurses entering the nursing profession as compared to aging nurses exiting the profession.   Difficulty to attract and retain nurses by employers.   Few nurses qualified to provide acute services, advanced practice research and unwillingness to relocate to rural areasThe scenario a t the national level is similar to that in Texas.   The increasing senior population, more immigrants, retirement of baby boomers and few qualified nurses increase demand for nursesRecommendations to increase supply of nurses The shortage of RN will continue to prevail and increase unless drastic measures are taken. The solutions to the shortage of nurses are varied depending on the causes of the shortage. Some hospitals have already implemented strategies to address these shortage   These include increasing the number of full time employees in nursing programs and also to increase enrolments into nursing programs and the number of students who graduate from them.   This would replace the aged, retired or dead nurses.Image is everything and if hospitals want to retain and attract new nurses, they have to rebuild the image.   For example better pay packages and incentives, attractive overtime pay, flexible working times, better working conditions, motivation program, recruiti ng aged nurses, mentorship and role modeling etc. implementation of loan forgiveness programs, which lure nurses to less attractive areas like rural areasDetermining of Nurses PayA fair and equitable salary and wages rate should be satisfactory to both employee and employers considerations should be guided by the slogan ‘fair days pay for a fair day’s work’ That is, a salary that is commensurate to input and can sufficiently provide for basic needs, and cater for future ambitions, is that constitutes fair pay. The labor market as other markets is sensitive to forces of demand and supply.These forces among other factors determine price (wage rate) and quantity (number of people in the market). In Texas nurses, salaries are high given that it is a rural area. Most nurses are unwilling to relocate to Texas. This has led to higher salaries in order to woo more people to the profession. The level of experience is important in determining salary scale. A highly experie nced nurse earns more than an inexperienced one. In addition, external factors beyond an organization also have a hand in contributing to setting prices.They include the cost of living, value of the job, economic conditions, presence of unions, laws etc. (Delaney 2006) some hospitals consider the regional pay differentials and pay according to the cost of living in the area. Legislative requirements dictate the minimum level of pay also determine salary rate. Unions have strong bargaining power and influence employers’ decision on amount of salary in a unionized labor market such as nursing. Overall salary determination is a complex issue and the determining factors vary across states.ReferenceDelaney, B (2000) Human Resources: Importance of External Factors in WageDetermination. Retrieved on August, 24, 2007 www.hr.com/†¦/pay_strategies/base_pay/importance_of_external_factors_in_wage_determination_eng.htmlThe Supply of and Demand for Registered Nurses and Nurse Graduate s in Texas: Report to the Texas Legislature Texas Department of State Health Services, Texas Center for Nursing Workforce Studies. Electronic Publication No. E25-12513, p.1) available at http://www.dhs.state.tx.us/chs/cnws/sb132rep.pdf   accessed on August, 24, 2007

Health,Hygiene and Cleanliness Essay

The barracks are places great emphasis on cleanliness and well-being, both physically and leadership. In these places, even as much as a clean window is linked to physical cleanliness. More importantly, cleanliness is termed an indispensable fundamental of our role as a leader. However, this fundamental is sometimes hard to understand for some people, unfortunately, is not reflected in our cilivilian life practically. Serious reflection is required on our individual as well as collective teamworking to complete any thing to show others that we as individuals can do anythingMaintaining your barracks room is a very easy task to do. It does not take much to put your dirty clothes away or evem wash them or to make your rack or even dust. All of those tasks are very simple to do. By not maintaining any room I,my room mate, and anyone else at a greater risk of getting sick. Unsanitary conditions in the barracks room is disgusting. Through frequent contact throughout the day with the other soldiers that one soldier could be if he, or she becomes sick, could possibly cause other soldiers to be ill.When one person becomes the source of another person being sick then that soldier could be face possible punishmen The above few examples from the Holy Quran and sayings of the Holy Prophet reveal that without cleanliness of our body and environment, one cannot receive the proximity of Allah spiritually and most importantly, faith cannot be completed in the absence of cleanliness and purity. Much is said rhetorically about cleanliness in our society but practically its application is missing. A quick observation can reveal how insensitive a culture we have developed regarding cleanliness and hygiene.Throwing garbage in the streets, roads or parks has become a common practice in our society. In public places dustbins are seldom found. Even if dustbins are installed, people do not use them properly. Rather, they prefer to throw garbage outside them. It is also observed that peo ple clean their homes and shops and throw the garbage on the street without considering its implications. It is evident that even students of elite schools throw garbage on the ground even in the presence of garbage bins.This shows our attitude towards cleanliness and hygiene. Another habit that is commonly found in our society is spitting openly. People spit paan from running vehicles without considering the pedestrians walking on the road. This practice not only affects the environment but is also an eyesore. Another area that needs consideration is the horrible condition of public toilets. The shortage of public toilets is a big challenge, hence people are compelled to use open spaces to answer the call of nature.The toilets that do exist are in such pathetic condition that one cannot use them. There are many other examples which can be cited to indicate the pathetic condition of cleanliness and hygiene in our society. Hence, conscious efforts are needed to tackle this issue. The re is a dire need to educate and sensitise people about the importance of cleanliness in light of our faith. In this regard social institutions such as educational institutions, the media and religious institutions can play a vital role.It is essential to provide civic education in order to train the younger generations of a society. In Pakistan, the education system needs to transform its practices. Teaching and learning material regarding cleanliness and hygiene should be included in the curriculum and textbooks. Educational institutions should demonstrate cleanliness in their premises. To train young people schools should involve students in cleaning their schools, homes and environment and highlight proper sanitary practices. The use of dustbins should be strictly followed in the school premises.Secondly, the media can be a powerful source to educate and sensitise the masses about the importance of cleanliness and disadvantages of an unhygienic way of life. It should focus on bo th the good as well as unhygienic practices in our society. Thirdly, religious institutions such as mosques and madressahs can also play their part in educating the people about the importance of cleanliness in the light of Islamic teachings. Furthermore, the role and commitment of the government cannot be overlooked in maintaining cleanliness and hygiene in society.The government’s will is very crucial in making policies and implementing them at the grass-roots level. The government can play an important role in cleaning areas, installing dustbins, collecting garbage and enforcing laws against littering etc. The importance of cleanliness cannot be ignored in individual as well as communal life. On one hand it is an important factor for human health and spiritual development; on the other hand it is essential for environmental development. By adopting a clean and hygienic lifestyle, a valuable amount can also be saved where health issues are concerned.A clean and healthy life helps in refining the culture of a society and reflects in every aspect of life such as art, architecture, food, music and so on. Ultimately, it leads towards a higher level of civilisation. Islam has put unique emphasis on the importance of cleanliness by making it a part of faith. Hence, there is a dire need to make conscious efforts in educating the people about the importance of cleanliness. In this regard, serious steps are required at multiple levels to make this precious value of our faith part of our individual and collective lives.